Paleolithic diet scoring and associations with inflammation, colorectal adenomas, and mortality

Author/Creator:

Whalen, Kristine Abigail, author

Publication/Creation:

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2015

Resource Type:

Book

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Additional/Related Title Information

Full Title:

Paleolithic diet scoring and associations with inflammation, colorectal adenomas, and mortality / Kristine Abigail Whalen

Related Names

Additional Author/Creators:

Bostick, Roberd M., degree supervisor
Emory University. Department of Epidemiology, degree granting institution

Subjects/Genre

Genre:

Electronic dissertations
Academic theses

Description/Summary

Summary:

Homo sapiens may be more biologically adapted to the general diet that they would have eaten prior to the development of agriculture, the "Paleolithic diet". Yet few studies have examined this dietary pattern and any potential benefits it may have in reducing risk for modern chronic diseases.
In the first study, we investigated associations of two diet pattern scores, the Paleolithic and the Mediterranean, with circulating levels of two inflammation-related biomarkers, CRP and F2- isoprostanes, in a pooled cross-sectional study of an elective outpatient colonoscopy population (N=646). We found statistically significant trends for decreasing mean plasma biomarker concentrations with increasing quintiles of the Paleolithic and Mediterranean diet scores.
In the second study, we assessed associations of the two diet scores with prevalent incident, sporadic colorectal adenomas in a case-control study (n=2,301) of colorectal polyps. The adjusted odds ratios comparing those in the highest to the lowest quintiles of the diet scores were, respectively, 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 1.02; Ptrend=0.02) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.03; Ptrend=0.05) when comparing the cases to the endoscopy-negative controls, and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.26; Ptrend =0.14) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.11; Ptrend=0.13) when comparing the cases to the community controls.
In the third study, we investigated associations of the Paleolithic and the Mediterranean diet scores with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a longitudinal cohort of adults (REGARDS; n=21,423). During a median follow-up of 6.25 years, 2,513 participants died. The adjusted hazard ratios comparing those in the highest to those in the lowest quintiles of the diet scores were, respectively, 0.77 (95% CI 0.67, 0.89; Ptrend<0.01) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.54, 0.73; Ptrend<0.01).
The results of these studies suggest that more Paleolithic- or Mediterranean-like diet patterns may be associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress; lower risk for incident, sporadic colorectal adenomas; and lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of Paleolithic diet patterns by creating the first such diet pattern score and using it to assess the diet's association with risk of chronic disease.

Language:

English

Language Note:

English

Physical Type/Description:

1 online resource (1 electronic resource (131 pages))

General Note:

Source of abstract: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-10(E), Section: B.
Advisors: Roberd M. Bostick ; Committee members: W. Dana Flanders; Terry Hartman; Suzanne Judd; Marjorie McCullough.

Local Note:

ProQuest digital dissertation copies of Emory dissertations may be downloaded free of charge by Emory faculty, students, and staff unless the author has chosen to embargo the work.

Additional Identifiers

Catalog ID (MMSID):

9936517601902486

ISBN:

9781321844993