Early life nutrition, adult diet, and cardio-metabolic disease risk in rural Guatemala
- Author/Creator:
- Ford, Nicole Dionne, author
- Publication/Creation:
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017
- Resource Type:
- Book
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Additional/Related Title Information
- Full Title:
- Early life nutrition, adult diet, and cardio-metabolic disease risk in rural Guatemala / Nicole Dionne Ford
Related Names
- Additional Author/Creators:
- Stein, Aryeh D., degree supervisor
Emory University. Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, degree granting institution
Subjects/Genre
Description/Summary
- Summary:
- Latin America is facing an increasing burden of obesity and cardio-metabolic disease (CMD). The nutrition transition, a shift from whole foods-based traditional diets to diets high in fat, sugar, and processed foods, is thought to contribute to CMD risk. Despite increases in obesity and CMD, there is a persistent burden of childhood undernutrition. People exposed to early life undernutrition might have growth patterns that confer distinct risk for CMD, yet little is known about the long term consequences of early life undernutrition in obesogenic environments.
The first aim of this research was to explore body mass index (BMI) trajectories from infancy through mid-adulthood, early life nutrition, and CMD risk using data from the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) Nutrition Supplementation Trial Longitudinal Cohort. We identified two BMI latent classes in women (low and high) and three in men (low, medium, and high) that separated in infancy and tracked through adulthood, suggesting that early life factors are important in establishing BMI trajectories. Exposure to a nutrition supplement (Atole) from conception to age 2y (i.e. the first 1,000 days) was not associated with BMI latent class trajectory membership. In men only, higher BMI latent class was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome and dysglycemia. BMI trajectory was not associated with most CMD risk factors after controlling for current BMI.
The second aim was to explore adult diet, 12y change in dietary patterns, and CMD risk. While adult diets remained largely reliant on corn tortillas, there was evidence of dietary diversification from 2002-2016 by decreased intake of traditional foods and a mixture of consumption trends for Western foods. In addition to a traditional pattern, our adult dietary pattern analyses suggested the emergence of two Western patterns (meat-based and starch-based) - one of which was associated with increased prevalence of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in men. The traditional diet had a differential association with some CMD risk factors by sex.
Our findings highlight the importance of establishing and maintaining healthy BMI throughout the lifecourse, including appropriate growth in early life and preventing excessive weight gain in adulthood. To help mitigate nutrition-related CMD risk, future research should explore approaches to encourage adoption of healthier foods while minimizing the addition of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. - Language:
- English
- Language Note:
- English
- Physical Type/Description:
- 1 online resource (1 electronic resource (282 pages))
- General Note:
- Source of abstract: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: B.
Advisors: Aryeh D. Stein Committee members: Reynaldo Martorell; Neil K. Mehta; Cria Perrine; Manuel Ramirez-Zea. - Local Note:
- Available to current Emory faculty, students and staff.
ProQuest digital dissertation copies of Emory dissertations may be downloaded free of charge by Emory faculty, students, and staff unless the author has chosen to embargo the work.
Additional Identifiers
- Catalog ID (MMSID):
- 9936692472702486
- ISBN:
- 9781369904178
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